real money games with no deposit required - win cash instantly!

In the world of online entertainment, the allure of winning real money without any initial investment is a tantalizing prospect. Whether you’re a seasoned gambler or a casual player, the idea of earning cash instantly with no deposit required is incredibly appealing. This article delves into the exciting realm of real money games that offer this unique opportunity, allowing you to win cash instantly without spending a dime. What Are No Deposit Real Money Games? No deposit real money games are online platforms that allow players to participate in various games without the need to make an initial deposit.

  • Cash King Palace
    new
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Victory Slots Resort
    Spin to Win100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

real money games with no deposit required - win cash instantly!

In the world of online entertainment, the allure of winning real money without any initial investment is a tantalizing prospect. Whether you’re a seasoned gambler or a casual player, the idea of earning cash instantly with no deposit required is incredibly appealing. This article delves into the exciting realm of real money games that offer this unique opportunity, allowing you to win cash instantly without spending a dime.

What Are No Deposit Real Money Games?

No deposit real money games are online platforms that allow players to participate in various games without the need to make an initial deposit. These games often come with the promise of winning real cash, which can be withdrawn or used to play more games. The concept is simple: sign up, play, and win—all without spending any money upfront.

  1. Casino Games

    • Slots: Classic and modern slot machines that offer free spins and bonus rounds.
    • Baccarat: A card game where players bet on the outcome of a hand.
    • Blackjack: A popular card game where the goal is to beat the dealer’s hand.
    • Roulette: A game of chance where players bet on where a ball will land on a spinning wheel.
  2. Gambling Platforms

    • Sports Betting: Predict outcomes of football matches and other sports events.
    • Poker: Play against other players in various poker formats.
    • Lottery: Participate in online lotteries with no deposit required.
  3. Skill-Based Games

    • Arcade Games: Games that require skill and strategy to win.
    • Puzzle Games: Solve puzzles to earn real money.
    • Quiz Games: Answer questions correctly to win cash prizes.

How to Find No Deposit Real Money Games

Finding no deposit real money games is easier than you might think. Here are some tips to help you get started:

  • Online Casinos: Many online casinos offer no deposit bonuses, which allow you to play games for free and win real money.
  • Gambling Apps: Download apps that offer no deposit bonuses or free spins.
  • Promotions and Bonuses: Keep an eye out for promotions and bonuses that require no deposit.
  • Social Media: Follow gaming platforms and casinos on social media for exclusive no deposit offers.

Steps to Get Started

  1. Research: Look for reputable platforms that offer no deposit real money games.
  2. Sign Up: Create an account on the chosen platform.
  3. Claim Bonus: Claim any available no deposit bonus or free spins.
  4. Play and Win: Start playing your favorite games and try to win real cash.

Tips for Winning Real Money with No Deposit

  • Understand the Rules: Familiarize yourself with the rules and strategies of the games you choose to play.
  • Manage Your Time: Set a time limit to avoid excessive play.
  • Take Advantage of Bonuses: Use any available bonuses and promotions to your advantage.
  • Stay Informed: Keep up with the latest offers and updates from your chosen platforms.

Real money games with no deposit required offer a thrilling way to win cash instantly without any initial investment. Whether you’re into casino games, sports betting, or skill-based games, there are plenty of opportunities to explore. By following the tips and steps outlined in this article, you can maximize your chances of winning real money and enjoy the excitement of online gaming.

top real money games with no deposit required - win big instantly!

In the world of online entertainment, real money games have become increasingly popular, offering players the chance to win big without any initial investment. These no-deposit games provide a risk-free way to experience the thrill of gambling and potentially walk away with substantial winnings. Here are some of the top real money games that require no deposit and offer instant wins.

1. Online Slots

Free Spins Bonuses

Many online casinos offer free spins as part of their welcome bonuses or promotions. These free spins allow players to spin the reels of popular slot machines without depositing any money. If luck is on your side, you could win real money instantly.

No Deposit Bonus Codes

Some casinos provide no deposit bonus codes that can be redeemed for a small amount of free cash. This bonus can be used to play a variety of slot games, giving you a chance to win real money without any financial risk.

2. Blackjack

Free Play Mode

Many online casinos offer a free play mode for blackjack, where you can practice and learn the game without risking any money. Some platforms even allow you to play for real money using a no deposit bonus, giving you a chance to win big instantly.

No Deposit Blackjack Tournaments

Participating in no deposit blackjack tournaments can be a thrilling way to win real money. These tournaments often require no entry fee and offer substantial cash prizes to the winners.

3. Roulette

Free Roulette Games

Similar to blackjack, many online casinos offer free roulette games that allow you to play without depositing any money. Some platforms provide no deposit bonuses that can be used to play roulette, giving you a chance to win real money instantly.

No Deposit Roulette Bonuses

Look out for casinos that offer no deposit roulette bonuses. These bonuses can be used to place bets on the roulette table, and if you win, the money is yours to keep.

4. Baccarat

Free Baccarat Games

Baccarat is another game that can be played for free at many online casinos. Some platforms offer no deposit bonuses that can be used to play baccarat, providing a risk-free way to win real money.

No Deposit Baccarat Tournaments

Participating in no deposit baccarat tournaments can be a great way to win real money. These tournaments often require no entry fee and offer significant cash prizes to the winners.

5. Video Poker

Free Video Poker Games

Video poker is a popular game that combines elements of slots and poker. Many online casinos offer free video poker games that allow you to play without depositing any money. Some platforms provide no deposit bonuses that can be used to play video poker, giving you a chance to win real money instantly.

No Deposit Video Poker Bonuses

Look out for casinos that offer no deposit video poker bonuses. These bonuses can be used to play video poker, and if you win, the money is yours to keep.

6. Scratch Cards

Free Scratch Cards

Scratch cards are a fun and easy way to win real money instantly. Many online casinos offer free scratch cards as part of their promotions or welcome bonuses. These scratch cards allow you to win real money without any financial risk.

No Deposit Scratch Card Bonuses

Some casinos provide no deposit scratch card bonuses that can be used to play scratch cards. If you win, the money is yours to keep, providing a risk-free way to win big.

7. Bingo

Free Bingo Games

Bingo is a popular game that can be played for free at many online casinos. Some platforms offer no deposit bonuses that can be used to play bingo, giving you a chance to win real money instantly.

No Deposit Bingo Bonuses

Look out for casinos that offer no deposit bingo bonuses. These bonuses can be used to play bingo, and if you win, the money is yours to keep.

Playing real money games with no deposit required is a fantastic way to experience the thrill of gambling without any financial risk. Whether you prefer slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat, video poker, scratch cards, or bingo, there are plenty of opportunities to win big instantly. Always remember to gamble responsibly and enjoy the excitement of these no-deposit games.

no deposit pokies: win real money instantly - play now!

In the world of online entertainment, no deposit pokies have emerged as a popular choice for players looking to win real money without any initial investment. These games offer a thrilling experience with the potential for instant rewards, making them an attractive option for both casual gamers and seasoned veterans.

What Are No Deposit Pokies?

No deposit pokies are online slot machines that allow players to spin the reels and potentially win real money without needing to make a deposit. These games are typically offered by online casinos as a way to attract new players and provide them with a risk-free opportunity to experience the thrill of gambling.

Key Features of No Deposit Pokies

  • Free Play: Players can enjoy the game without spending any money.
  • Real Money Wins: Although no deposit is required, players can still win real money.
  • Wide Variety: No deposit pokies come in various themes and formats, ensuring a diverse gaming experience.
  • Instant Access: Games can be played instantly, without the need for downloads.

How to Get Started with No Deposit Pokies

Getting started with no deposit pokies is a straightforward process. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

  1. Choose a Reputable Casino: Look for an online casino that offers no deposit pokies. Ensure the casino is licensed and regulated to guarantee fair play and secure transactions.
  2. Create an Account: Sign up for a new account at the chosen casino. This usually involves providing basic information such as your name, email address, and date of birth.
  3. Claim the No Deposit Bonus: Once your account is created, claim the no deposit bonus. This is often a small amount of money credited to your account, which you can use to play pokies.
  4. Start Playing: Use your no deposit bonus to spin the reels and try your luck at winning real money.

Benefits of Playing No Deposit Pokies

Risk-Free Gaming

One of the most significant advantages of no deposit pokies is the ability to play without risking any of your own money. This makes it an ideal option for beginners who want to test the waters of online gambling.

Win Real Money

Despite being free to play, no deposit pokies offer the chance to win real money. This adds an extra layer of excitement and motivation for players.

No Commitment

Since no deposit is required, players can enjoy the games without any long-term commitment. This flexibility allows for a more relaxed and enjoyable gaming experience.

Practice and Strategy

No deposit pokies provide an excellent opportunity to practice and develop strategies without the pressure of financial loss. This can be particularly beneficial for players looking to improve their skills before playing with real money.

Tips for Winning at No Deposit Pokies

Understand the Game

Before you start playing, take the time to understand the rules and features of the pokie you’ve chosen. This will help you make informed decisions and increase your chances of winning.

Set a Budget

Even though no deposit is required, it’s a good idea to set a budget for your gaming session. This will help you manage your time and ensure a responsible gaming experience.

Take Advantage of Bonuses

Many online casinos offer additional bonuses and promotions for no deposit pokies. Be sure to take advantage of these offers to maximize your potential winnings.

Play Responsibly

While no deposit pokies are a fun and risk-free way to win real money, it’s important to play responsibly. Set limits on your gaming time and be mindful of the potential for addiction.

No deposit pokies offer a unique and exciting way to win real money instantly without any initial investment. With a wide variety of games to choose from and the potential for significant rewards, they are an excellent option for both new and experienced players. So why wait? Sign up at a reputable online casino today and start spinning the reels for your chance to win big!

win real money instantly with no deposit slots

In the world of online entertainment, few experiences can match the thrill of winning real money instantly without making a deposit. No deposit slots offer players the opportunity to spin the reels and potentially cash out winnings without risking their own money. Here’s how you can take advantage of this exciting opportunity.

What Are No Deposit Slots?

No deposit slots are online slot machines that allow players to enjoy the game and win real money without needing to make an initial deposit. These slots are often offered as part of a welcome bonus or promotional offer by online casinos.

Key Features:

  • Free Play: Access to the slot game without any financial commitment.
  • Real Money Wins: Potential to win real money that can be withdrawn or used to play more games.
  • No Deposit Required: No need to deposit funds to start playing.

How to Find No Deposit Slots

Finding no deposit slots is easier than you might think. Here are some strategies to help you locate these lucrative opportunities:

  1. Online Casino Promotions:

    • Welcome Bonuses: Many online casinos offer no deposit bonuses as part of their welcome package.
    • Special Promotions: Keep an eye out for seasonal or special promotions that include no deposit slots.
  2. Review Websites:

    • Casino Reviews: Websites dedicated to reviewing online casinos often highlight no deposit offers.
    • Player Forums: Participate in forums where players share their experiences and tips on finding no deposit slots.
  3. Email Newsletters:

    • Subscribe: Sign up for newsletters from your favorite online casinos to receive updates on no deposit offers.

Tips for Winning with No Deposit Slots

While no deposit slots offer a risk-free way to win real money, there are strategies you can employ to increase your chances of success:

  • Understand the Game: Familiarize yourself with the slot’s rules, paylines, and bonus features.
  • Set a Budget: Even though no deposit is required, it’s wise to set a budget for how much you’re willing to wager.
  • Take Advantage of Bonuses: Use any available bonuses or free spins to maximize your playing time.
  • Play Responsibly: Enjoy the experience, but always gamble responsibly.

Several online slot games are known for their no deposit offers. Here are a few popular options:

  • Starburst: A classic slot with vibrant graphics and frequent payouts.
  • Gonzo’s Quest: An adventure-themed slot with cascading reels and free fall features.
  • Book of Dead: A popular Egyptian-themed slot with high volatility and lucrative bonuses.

Winning real money instantly with no deposit slots is a thrilling experience that combines the excitement of gambling with the safety of no financial risk. By understanding the features, finding the right opportunities, and employing smart strategies, you can maximize your chances of success and enjoy the rewards of online entertainment.

Frequently Questions

How can I win cash instantly with no deposit required in real money games?

Winning cash instantly without a deposit in real money games is possible through various promotions and contests. Many online casinos and gaming platforms offer no-deposit bonuses, free spins, or entry into cash prize draws for new users. Additionally, participating in social media contests, referral programs, and special events can also provide opportunities to win cash without initial investment. Always read the terms and conditions to ensure eligibility and understand the withdrawal process. Engaging in skill-based games where you can compete against others or achieve high scores can also lead to cash rewards. Stay informed about the latest promotions to maximize your chances of winning instantly.

What are the top free online games to win real money with no deposit required?

Looking for free online games to win real money without a deposit? Check out Swagbucks, where you can play games like Swag Memory and Swag Jump to earn points redeemable for cash or gift cards. Another option is InboxDollars, offering games like Solitaire Cube and Bingo Clash that pay real cash. Mistplay is a popular choice for Android users, featuring a variety of games where you can earn rewards. Additionally, PCH Games allows you to play for chances to instantly win cash prizes. These platforms ensure you have fun while having the chance to win real money without any initial investment.

 

What are the top no deposit casino games to win real money instantly?

The top no deposit casino games to win real money instantly include slots, blackjack, and video poker. Slots often offer free spins with no deposit required, providing a quick way to win. Blackjack, with its simple rules and low house edge, allows for strategic play to maximize winnings. Video poker combines the excitement of slots with strategic elements of poker, offering a balanced chance to win. These games are popular for their instant payouts and the ability to play without initial deposits, making them ideal for those looking to win real money quickly.

What are the best online games to win real money with no deposit required?

Several online games offer real money winnings without requiring a deposit. Skill-based games like poker, blackjack, and fantasy sports platforms often provide free entry tournaments where you can win cash prizes. Additionally, some online casinos offer no-deposit bonuses, allowing you to play slots or table games with the chance to win real money. Websites like Swagbucks and InboxDollars also feature games that reward you with cash or gift cards for playing. Always ensure to read the terms and conditions, as some platforms may require a deposit after a certain period or limit the withdrawal of winnings.

How can I play free slot games with no deposit and win real money instantly?

Playing free slot games with no deposit and winning real money instantly is possible through various online platforms. Look for casinos offering no deposit bonuses, which provide free spins or bonus cash without requiring an initial deposit. Ensure the casino is reputable and licensed. After signing up, use the free spins or bonus cash to play slot games. If you win, the money is usually credited to your account instantly. However, always read the terms and conditions, as some offers may have wagering requirements before you can withdraw your winnings. This method allows you to enjoy the thrill of slots without risking your own money while having a chance to win real cash.